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Statistics and probability

On this page there are links to papers on three modules that explain the basic concepts of probability and statistics:

Statistical representations and measures
Statistical analysis
Probability

These provide details of the knowledge students should have and some of the misconceptions they may hold. Examples are given to illustrate what these misconceptions may look like, how to address them, and support teachers in developing pedagogical and content knowledge.

Additional details
Year level(s)	Year 7, Year 8, Year 9, Year 10
Audience	Teacher, School Leader
Purpose	Content knowledge
Format	Downloadable resources
Keywords	mean, median, continuous, categorical, data, statistics, graph, explicit teaching
Curriculum alignment
Strand and focus	Statistics
Topics	Data representation and interpretation, Chance and probability
AC: Mathematics (V9.0) content descriptions	AC9M7ST01 Acquire data sets for discrete and continuous numerical variables and calculate the range, median, mean and mode; make and justify decisions about which measures of central tendency provide useful insights into the nature of the distribution of data AC9M8ST03 Compare variations in distributions and proportions obtained from random samples of the same size drawn from a population and recognise the effect of sample size on this variation AC9M9ST03 Represent the distribution of multiple data sets for numerical variables using comparative representations; compare data distributions with consideration of centre, spread and shape, and the effect of outliers on these measures AC9M10ST03 Construct scatterplots and comment on the association between the 2 numerical variables in terms of strength, direction and linearity AC9M9ST05 Plan and conduct statistical investigations involving the collection and analysis of different kinds of data; report findings and discuss the strength of evidence to support any conclusions? AC9M7ST03 Plan and conduct statistical investigations involving data for discrete and continuous numerical variables; analyse and interpret distributions of data and report findings in terms of shape and summary statistics AC9M8ST04 Plan and conduct statistical investigations involving samples of a population; use ethical and fair methods to make inferences about the population and report findings, acknowledging uncertainty
Numeracy progression	Interpreting and representing data (P5, P6, P7, P8)
Copyright details
Organisation	NCETM
Copyright	© Crown Copyright. Free-for-education material.